STATE POPULATION
The Census Bureau estimated that in July 2007 South Dakota’s population increased by an annual average of about 5,670 residents since 2000 (to 796,214 residents). Over that period net immigration was adding about 610 persons each year (more immigrants arriving than leaving). During the same period there was a net annual average population gain of about 345 residents from net domestic migration (more native-born residents arriving than leaving). Net immigrant settlement accounted directly for more than one-tenth (10.8%) of the total population increase over this period, and that does not take into account the children born to the immigrants after their arrival in the United States. 

 

The 2000 population is about 22,000 more persons than the Census Bureau had expected to find in the state in 2000 when it issued its most recent state population projections in 1996. The significance of this is that the Census Bureau has concluded that much of the shortfall in their population estimates during the 1990s was due to an underestimation of the illegal alien population.

South Dakota had the 46th greatest rate of population increase in the country between 1960-2000.

The population of South Dakota increased by 0.8 percent from 1980 to 1990 (from 690,768 to 696,004 residents).

FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION                                                       FAIR estimates that the foreign-born population of South Dakota was about 17,385 residents in July 2007. This meant a foreign-born population share of 2.2 percent. The amount of change since the 2000 Census indicates an average annual rate of increase in the foreign-born population of about 535 people, which is nearly one-tenth (9.4%) of the state’s annual average population increase. Since 2000, the foreign-born population has increased by 28.8 percent compared to a 5.1 percent increase in the native-born population.

Immigration also contributes to population growth through the children born to immigrants in this country. Nationally the share of births to the foreign-born is about double their share of the population. A 4.4 percent share of the state’s current births is large enough to account for about 350 births a year. Combining the increase in the foreign-born population and estimated immigrant births suggests that immigration may account for adding nearly 885 persons to the state’s population annually, i.e., more than one-seventh (15.6%) of the state’s overall population increase.

The 2000 Census recorded 13,495 foreign-born residents in the state. That was 1.8 percent of the state's overall population and an increase of 74.6 percent above the 1990 foreign-born population of 7,731 residents. That increase of the immigrant population was almost ten-times higher than the 7.7 percent increase in the native-born population.

A comparison of the increase in the immigrant population from 1990 with the change in the overall population during the same period shows that immigrant settlement directly accounted for 9.8 percent of the state's overall population increase over that decade. The share of the population increase due to immigration would be still higher if the children of the immigrants born here after their arrival were included with their immigrant parents in the calculation. 

An indicator of the change in the immigrant population may be seen in data on the share of the population that speaks a language other than English at home. Between 1990 and 2000 the share of non-English speakers at home in South Dakota decreased from 6.5 percent to 4.8 percent. Less than two-fifths (35.9%) of those who said they spoke a language other than English at home in 2000 also said they spoke English less than very well.

The Census Bureau’s American Community Survey found that in 2006, the foreign born population was 16,852 residents, an increase of 24.9 percent since 2000. In comparison, the foreign-born population changed from 7,731 to 13,495 residents between 1990 and 2000, an increase of 74.6 percent.

The ten countries below constituted approximately 57.2% of the foreign-born population in South Dakota in 2006. Of the total foreign-born population, Mexico alone accounted for approximately one fifth percent (20.9). 

CONNECT TO LEGAL IMMIGRATION ADMISSION DATA

THE IMMIGRANT STOCK
The Census Bureau estimated that there were about 43,000 people in South Dakota in 2000 who were "immigrant stock." That is a term that refers to immigrants and their children born here after their arrival. Based on that estimate, and the population of 754,844, the immigrant stock share of the state's population was 5.7 percent.

As the graph below shows, the amount of South Dakota’s population change due to the increase in the foreign stock is rising rapidly. Over the past 34 years the new immigrants and children born to them have added about 17,800 people to the population. Over this period, the increase in the foreign stock has accounted for 17.3 percent of the state’s population increase.

NATURALIZATION
Data from the 2006 American Community Survey indicate that 6,116 residents, or 36.3 percent, of the foreign-born population in South Dakota were citizens, compared to 5,452 residents, or 40.4 percent, in 2000.

Nationally, 40.3 percent of the foreign-born population was citizens in 2000 and 42.0 percent were citizens in 2006.

REFUGEE SETTLEMENT
South Dakota has received 2,730 refugees over the most recent ten fiscal years (FY'97-'06), with 185 arriving in FY’06.

LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS
Data are not available nationally on immigrant students (either legally or illegally resident in the United States) who are enrolled in primary and secondary schools (K-12). However, many of these students are enrolled in Limited English Proficiency/English Language Learning (LEP/ELL) instruction programs. Many may be U.S.-born, but the majority of these students may be assumed to be either immigrants or the children of immigrants, with the exception being areas with native Americans who speak a native language other than English.

Data on enrollment in LEP/ELL programs are collected by the federal government from school systems that receive Title VII funds for these special instruction programs. The data on LEP/ELL enrollment are understated because data from private schools that do not apply for Title VII assistance are sketchy.

FOREIGN STUDENTS
The 2006/07 annual report of the Institute of International Education (IIE) lists the number of foreign students attending post-secondary school in South Dakota as 732. Below, a chart illustrates the sharp increase of foreign students attending school in West Virginia from 1960-2000.

For information on foreign student issues see: Foreign Students in the United States.

ILLEGAL ALIENS

FAIR Estimate - FAIR’s estimate of the state’s illegal alien population as of 2007 is about 5,000 persons. This is part of an overall estimate of the U.S. illegal alien population of about 13 million persons.

INS/DHS Estimate - The INS (now dissolved into the Dept. of Homeland Security) estimated in February 2003 that the resident illegal population in South Dakota was 2,250 as of January 2000. This number 1,450 higher than the INS' 1996 estimate.

Other Estimates - The Pew Hispanic Center estimates the illegal alien population of the state at less than 10,000 as of 2005.

COST OF ILLEGAL ALIENS
Incarceration Costs

The INS estimate of the illegal alien population released in February 2003 listed South Dakota as having an illegal alien population of less than 2,500 residents. This compares with the previous INS estimate of 800 illegal aliens as of October 1996. That estimate was a one-third increase over the 600 illegal alien residents previously estimated for October 1992.

South Dakota has received partial compensation under the federal State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) that was established in 1994 to compensate the states and local jurisdictions for incarceration of "undocumented," aliens who are serving time for a felony conviction or at least two misdemeanors.

The recent SCAAP amounts that South Dakota has received were:

The amount of SCAAP awards has been declining in both total distributions and even more as a share of the state’s expenses. In FY’99 the state received 38.6% of its costs for 10 prisoner years of detention. By FY’02, the state’s reported illegal alien detention rose more than four-fold to 47 prisoner years, while compensation rose by 93 percent.

Medical Costs

Under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, hospitals with emergency rooms are required to treat and stabilize patients with emergency medical needs regardless whether or not they are in the country legally or whether they are able to pay for the treatment. Congress in 2003 enacted an appropriation of $250 million per year (for 4 years) to help offset some of the costs due to use of this service by illegal aliens. This amount has been allocated among the states based upon estimates of the illegal alien population and data on the apprehension of illegal aliens in each state. This amount compensates only a fraction of the medical outlays. For South Dakota, the proposed payment in fiscal year 2004 is $47,694.  

Educational Costs

In our study Breaking the Piggy Bank: How Illegal Immigration is Sending Schools into the Red, we estimated based on 2004 data that educational expenditures for illegal immigration were costing the South Dakota taxpayer $29.8 million dollars annually. This cost was partially for educating students who were themselves illegally in the country ($12.4 million) and in part for the education of their siblings born in the United States to illegal residents ($17.4 million).

Projected Fiscal Costs 

In 2006 we estimated that South Dakota taxpayers are currently burdened with annual costs of about $5 million because of illegal aliens residing in the state. That estimate was based on only expenditures for education, emergency medical care and incarceration. We projected that those costs will rise unless we gain control over our borders and our worksites. If a new amnesty and increases in immigrants and guest workers were enacted, as proposed by business and ethnic advocacy groups, we project that the cost to the state’s taxpayers for those same programs would rise to $8 million per year in 2010 and to $14 million per year in 2020

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS
You can view a listing of local immigration reform groups here.

STATE CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION VOTING RECORD
You can view the voting record of your representatives in Congress regarding immigration issues in our voting report section.

Revised July 2008