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Doing Research? : Immigration in Your Backyard
| Extended Immigration Data for Michigan |
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| Summary Demographic State Data (and Source) |
| Population (2007 FAIR estimate): |
10,071,822 |
| Population (2000 Census): |
9,938,444 |
Foreign-Born Population (2007 FAIR est.):
Foreign-Born Population (2000 Census): |
610,565
523,589 |
Share Foreign-Born (2007 FAIR est.):
Share Foreign-Born (2000): |
6.1%
5.3% |
| Immigrant Stock (2000 CB est.): |
1,298,000 |
| Share Immigrant Stock (2000 est.): |
13.1% |
| Naturalized U.S. Citizens (2006 CB est.): |
285,170 |
| Share Naturalized (2006): |
47.6% |
| Legal Immigrant Admission (DHS 1997-2007): |
178,765 |
| Refugee Admission (DHS 1997-2007): |
18,161 |
| Illegal Alien Population (2007 FAIR est.): |
200,000 |
| Projected Population - 2050 (2006 FAIR): |
13,124,190 |
INDEX TO MICHIGAN IMMIGRATION TOPICS
Refugee Settlement
Michigan has received 18,161 refugees over the most recent ten fiscal years (FY'97-'06) including 726 persons in FY’06.
Under the Office of Refugee Resettlement's (HHS/ORR) assistance funding for FY'02 $2,296,916 is available for refugee employment training and other services programs in Michigan based on a three-year refugee settlement program covering 9,152 refugees (an average of $251 per refugee). This allocation does not include a larger share (55%) of funding programs for communities heavily affected by recent Cuban and Haitian entrants, communities with refugees whose cultural differences make assimilation especially difficult, communities impacted by federal welfare reform changes, educational support to schools with significant refugee students, and discretionary grants. ORR grants for FY’05 and FY’06 respectively were $8,997,974 and $8,605,552..
LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS
Data are not available nationally on immigrant students (either legally or illegally resident in the United States) who are enrolled in primary and secondary schools (K-12). However, many of these students are enrolled in Limited English Proficiency/English Language Learning (LEP/ELL) instruction programs. Many may be U.S.-born, but the majority of these students may be assumed to be either immigrants or the children of immigrants, with the exception being areas with native Americans who speak a native language other than English.
In Alabama, overall enrollment in 2002 (1,733,900) was 0.2 percent below enrollment in 1993. By contrast, LEP enrollment (47,252 - 2.7% of all enrollment) was 26.8 percent higher than a decade earlier.
Data on enrollment in LEP/ELL programs are collected by the federal government from school systems that receive Title VII funds for these special instruction programs. The data on LEP/ELL enrollment are understated because data from private schools that do not apply for Title VII assistance are sketchy.
FOREIGN STUDENTS
The 2006/07 annual report of the Institute of International Education (IIE) lists the number of foreign students attending post-secondary school in Michigan as 21,143. Five schools in Michigan are listed as having a major concentration of these students:
- University of Michigan-Ann Harbor had enrollment of 5,429 foreign students, 13.6% of total enrollment.
- Michigan State University had enrollment of 3,968 foreign students, 8.7% of total enrollment.
- Wayne State University had enrollment of 3,362 foreign students, 10.1% of total enrollment.
- Western Michigan Univeristyhad enrollment of 1,391 foreign students, 5.6% of total enrollment.
- Eastern Michigan Univeristyhad enrollment of 1,009 foreign students, 4.3% of total enrollment.
Below, a chart illustrates the sharp increase of foreign students attending school in Michigan from 1960-2000.
For information on foreign student issues see: Foreign Students in the United States.
According to Michigan senator Spencer Abraham (R), the United States is subsidizing the education of foreign-born students at the nation's colleges. "They come here on our money to learn, and then we force them to leave," he said. "It doesn't make sense." [The context of the comment was that we should be giving these foreign students access to American jobs along with their American fellow students.] (Source: The Grand Rapids Press, April 11, 2000)
ILLEGAL ALIENS
FAIR Estimate - FAIR’s estimate of the state’s illegal alien population as of 2007 is about 200,000 persons. This is part of an overall estimate of the U.S. illegal alien population of about 13 million persons.
INS/DHS Estimate - The INS (now dissolved into the Dept. of Homeland Security) estimated in February 2003 that the resident illegal population in Michigan was 70,000 as of January 2000. This number 33,000 higher than the INS' 1996 estimate.
Other Estimates - The Pew Hispanic Center estimates the illegal alien population of the state at 100,000 to 150,000 as of 2005.
COSTS OF ILLEGAL ALIENS
Incarceration Costs - Michigan has received partial compensation under the federal State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) that was established in 1994 to compensate the states and local jurisdictions for incarceration of "undocumented," aliens who are serving time for a felony conviction or at least two misdemeanors.
The recent SCAAP amounts that Michigan has received were:
FY’99—$3,866,284
FY’00—$2,922,627
FY’01—$2,536,786
FY’02—$2,900,950
FY’03—$1,209,417
FY’04—$1,719,837
The amount of SCAAP awards has been declining in both total distributions and even more as a share of the state’s expenses. In FY’99 the state received 38.6% of its costs for 405 prisoner years of detention. By FY’02, the state’s reported illegal alien detention increased by 72 percent to 697 prisoner years, while compensation decreased by 25 percent, and then fell sharply.
Medical Costs - Under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, hospitals with emergency rooms are required to treat and stabilize patients with emergency medical needs regardless whether or not they are in the country legally or whether they are able to pay for the treatment. Congress in 2003 enacted an appropriation of $250 million per year (for 4 years) to help offset some of the costs due to use of this service by illegal aliens. This amount has been allocated among the states based upon estimates of the illegal alien population and data on the apprehension of illegal aliens in each state. This amount compensates only a fraction of the medical outlays. For Michigan, the proposed payment in fiscal year 2004 is $1,669,285.
Educational Costs - In our study Breaking the Piggy Bank: How Illegal Immigration is Sending Schools into the Red, we estimated based on 2004 data that educational expenditures for illegal immigration were costing the Michigan taxpayer $324.9 million dollars annually. This cost was partially for educating students who were themselves illegally in the country ($135.4 million) and in part for the education of their siblings born in the United States to illegal residents ($189.5 million).
Projected Fiscal Costs - In 2006 we estimated that Michigan taxpayers are currently burdened with annual costs of about $394 million because of illegal aliens residing in the state. That estimate was based on only expenditures for education, emergency medical care and incarceration. We projected that those costs will rise unless we gain control over our borders and our worksites. If a new amnesty and increases in immigrants and guest workers were enacted, as proposed by business and ethnic advocacy groups, we project that the cost to the state’s taxpayers for those same programs would rise to $656 million per year in 2010 and to $1.111 billion per year in 2020.
LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS
You can view a listing of local immigration reform groups here.
STATE CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION VOTING RECORD
You can now access the voting record of your representatives in Congress regarding immigration issues in our voting report section.
Revised July 2008 |
