STATE POPULATION
The Census Bureau estimated that in July 2007 New Hampshire’s population had increased by an annual average of about 10,965 residents since 2000 (to 1,315,828 residents). Over that period net immigration was adding about 1,910 persons each year (more immigrants arriving than leaving). During the same period there was a net annual average population gain of about 4,890 residents from net domestic migration (more native-born residents arriving than leaving). Net immigrant settlement accounted for more than one-sixth (17.4%) of the overall net population increase over this period, and that does not take into account the children born to the immigrants after their arrival in the United States.

 
[Note: children born in the United States to immigrants (part of the immigrant stock) are not included as part of the immigration flow.]

The 2000 population is about 12,000 more persons than the Census Bureau had expected to find in the state in 2000 when it issued its most recent state population projections in 1996. The significance of this is that the Census Bureau has concluded that much of the shortfall in their population estimates during the 1990s was due to an underestimation of the illegal alien population.

New Hampshire had the 11th greatest rate of population increase in the country between 1960-2000.

Between 1980 and 1990, the state's overall population increased by 20.5 percent (from 920,610 to 1,109,252 residents).

FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION

FAIR estimates that the foreign-born population of New Hampshire was about 73,905 residents in July 2007. This meant a foreign-born population share of 5.6 percent. The amount of change since the 2000 Census indicates an average annual rate of increase in the foreign-born population of about 2,705 people, which is nearly one-fourth (24.7%) of the state’s annual average population increase. Since 2000, the foreign-born population has increased by 36.5 percent compared to a 5.1 percent increase in the native-born population.

Immigration also contributes to population growth through the children born to immigrants in this country. Nationally the share of births to the foreign-born is about double their share of the population. An 11.2 percent share of the state’s current births is large enough to account for about 1,655 births a year. Combining the increase in the foreign-born population and estimated immigrant births suggests that immigration may account for adding nearly 4,365 persons to the state’s population annually, i.e., nearly two-fifths (39.8%) of the state’s overall population increase.

The Census Bureau estimates that the foreign-born population share in New Hampshire was 5.0 percent in 2003. This implies a foreign-born population of about 64,400 people. The amount of change since the 2000 Census indicates an annual rate of increase in the foreign-born population of about 3,100 people, which is 19.7 percent of the state’s annual average population change.

The 2000 Census recorded 54,154 foreign-born residents in the state. That was 4.4 percent of the state's overall population and an increase of 31.5 percent above the 1990 foreign-born population of 41,193 residents. That rate of increase in the immigrant population was much higher than the 10.6 percent increase in the state's native-born population, but it was lower than the national average increase of 57.4 percent in the foreign-born population.

A comparison of the increase in the immigrant population from 1990 with the change in the overall population during the same period shows that immigrant settlement directly accounted for 10.2 percent of the state's overall population increase over that decade. The share of the population increase due to immigration would be still higher if the children of the immigrants born here after their arrival were included with their immigrant parents in the calculation.

 

An indicator of the change in the immigrant population may be seen in data on the share of the population that speaks a language other than English at home. Between 1990 and 2000 the share of non-English speakers at home in New Hampshire decreased slightly, from 8.7 percent to 7.5 percent. Less than one-third (29.2%) of those who said they spoke a language other than English at home in 2000 also said they spoke English less than very well.

The Census Bureau’s American Community Survey found that in 2006, the foreign born population was 71,200 residents, an increase of 31.5% percent since 2000. In comparison, the foreign-born population changed from 41,193 to 54,154 residents between 1990 and 2000, an increase of 31.5 percent.

The ten countries below constituted approximately 46.4% of the foreign-born population in New Hampshire in 2006. Mexico accounted for 14.2%.

 CONNECT TO LEGAL IMMIGRATION ADMISSION DATA 

THE IMMIGRANT STOCK
The Census Bureau estimated that there were about 174,000 people in New Hampshire in 2000 who were "immigrant stock." That is a term that refers to immigrants and their children born here after their arrival. Based on that estimate, and the population of 1,235,786, the immigrant stock share of the state's population was 14.1 percent.

As the graph below shows, the amount and share of New Hampshire’s population change due to the increase in the foreign stock is rising rapidly. Over the past 34 years the new immigrants and children born to them have added about 67,900 people to the population. Over this period, the increase in the foreign stock has accounted for 12 percent of the state’s population increase.

NATURALIZATION
Data from the 2006 American Community Survey indicate that 32,025 residents, or 45.0 percent, of the foreign-born population in New Hampshire were citizens, compared to 25,761 residents, or 47.6 percent, in 2000.

Nationally, 40.3 percent of the foreign-born population was citizens in 2000 and 42.0 percent were citizens in 2006

REFUGEE SETTLEMENT
New Hampshire has received 3,926 refugees over the most recent nine fiscal years (FY'96-'04) for permanent resettlement (561 in FY'04). This is an average of 435 refugees per year.

 

LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS
Data are not available nationally on immigrant students (either legally or illegally resident in the United States) who are enrolled in primary and secondary schools (K-12). However, many of these students are enrolled in Limited English Proficiency/English Language Learning (LEP/ELL) instruction programs. Many may be U.S.-born, but the majority of these students may be assumed to be either immigrants or the children of immigrants, with the exception being areas with native Americans who speak a native language other than English.

Data on enrollment in LEP/ELL programs are collected by the federal government from school systems that receive Title VII funds for these special instruction programs. The data on LEP/ELL enrollment are understated because data from private schools that do not apply for Title VII assistance are sketchy.

FOREIGN STUDENTS
The 2006/07 annual report of the Institute of International Education (IIE) lists the number of foreign students attending post-secondary school in New Hampshire as 2,099. Below, a chart illustrates the sharp increase of foreign students attending school in New Hampshire from 1960-2000.

For information on foreign student issues see: Foreign Students in the United States.

ILLEGAL ALIENS

FAIR Estimate - FAIR’s estimate of the state’s illegal alien population as of 2007 is about 15,000 persons. This is part of an overall estimate of the U.S. illegal alien population of about 13 million persons.

INS/DHS Estimate - The INS (now dissolved into the Dept. of Homeland Security) estimated in February 2003 that the resident illegal population in New Hampshire was 2,250 as of January 2000. This number 250 higher than the INS' 1996 estimate.

Other Estimates - The Pew Hispanic Center estimates the illegal alien population of the state at 10,000 to 30,000 as of 2005.

COST OF ILLEGAL ALIENS
Incarceration Costs - The INS estimate of the illegal alien population released in February 2003 listed New Hampshire as having an illegal alien population of less than 2,500 residents. This compares with the previous INS estimate of 2,000 illegal aliens as of October 1996. That estimate was a one-third increase over the 1,500 illegal alien residents previously estimated for October 1992.

New Hampshire has received partial compensation under the federal State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) that was established in 1994 to compensate the states and local jurisdictions for incarceration of "undocumented," aliens who are serving time for a felony conviction or at least two misdemeanors.

The recent SCAAP amounts that New Hampshire has received were:

The amount of SCAAP awards has been declining in both total distributions and even more as a share of the state’s expenses. In FY’99 the state received 38.6% of its costs for 74 prisoner years of detention. By FY’02, the state’s reported illegal alien detention increased by 32 percent to 98 prisoner years, while compensation decreased by 34 percent and since has decreased further.

Medical Costs - Under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, hospitals with emergency rooms are required to treat and stabilize patients with emergency medical needs regardless whether or not they are in the country legally or whether they are able to pay for the treatment. Congress in 2003 enacted an appropriation of $250 million per year (for 4 years) to help offset some of the costs due to use of this service by illegal aliens. This amount has been allocated among the states based upon estimates of the illegal alien population and data on the apprehension of illegal aliens in each state. This amount compensates only a fraction of the medical outlays. For New Hampshire, the proposed payment in fiscal year 2004 is $47,694.

Educational Costs - In our study Breaking the Piggy Bank: How Illegal Immigration is Sending Schools into the Red, we estimated based on 2004 data that educational expenditures for illegal immigration were costing the New Hampshire taxpayer $29.8 million dollars annually. This cost was partially for educating students who were themselves illegally in the country ($12.4 million) and in part for the education of their siblings born in the United States to illegal residents ($17.4 million).

Projected Fiscal Costs - In 2006 we estimated that New Hampshire taxpayers are currently burdened with annual costs of about $11 million because of illegal aliens residing in the state. That estimate was based on only expenditures for education, emergency medical care and incarceration. We projected that those costs will rise unless we gain control over our borders and our worksites. If a new amnesty and increases in immigrants and guest workers were enacted, as proposed by business and ethnic advocacy groups, we project that the cost to the state’s taxpayers for those same programs would rise to $19million per year in 2010 and to $34million per year in 2020.

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS
You can view a listing of local immigration reform groups here.

STATE CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION VOTING RECORD
You can now access the voting record of your representatives in Congress regarding immigration issues in our voting report section.

Revised July 2008