Print This Page Done
Select a Different State

South Carolina


Summary Demographic State Data (and Source)
Population (2008 CB est.): 4,479,800
Population (2000 Census): 4,012,012
Foreign-Born Population (2008 FAIR est.): 203,530
Foreign-Born Population (2000 Census): 115,978
Share Foreign-Born (2008 FAIR est.): 4.5%
Share Foreign-Born (2000): 2.9%
Immigrant Stock (2000 CB est.): 131,000
Share Immigrant Stock (2000 est.): 3.3%
Naturalized U.S. Citizens (2006 CB est.): 57,935
Share Naturalized (2006): 32.6%
Legal Immigrant Admission (DHS 1997-2006): 29,218
Refugee Admission (DHS 1997-2006): 1,095
Illegal Alien Population (2008 FAIR est.): 75,000
Projected 2050 Population - (2006 FAIR): 6,373,401

South Carolina: Extended Immigration Data


STATE POPULATION

Using the Current Population Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that in July 2008 South Carolina’s population had increased to 4,479,800 residents, i.e., an annual average increase of about 56,360 residents since 2000. That is a rate of increase of about 1.4 percent per year.

South Carolina Population 1900-2008


Net International Migration (NIM)

Based on the Current Population Survey, the Census Bureau estimated that between the 2000 Census and July 2008 the state’s population increased by about 41,785 residents from net international migration (more foreign-born arriving than leaving). That was an annual average increase of about 5,035 residents, i.e., less than one-tenth (8.9%) of the total increase (not including the children born to the immigrants after their arrival in the United States).

South Carolina Sources of Population Change 1990-99


South Carolina Sources of Population Change 2000-08 


The 2000 Census found 4,012,012 persons resident in South Carolina. This was an increase of 525,309 persons above the 1990 Census (15.1%). The amount of increase was the 19th highest in the country. The rate of increase was the 15th fastest increasing population in the country.

The 2000 population is about 54,000 more persons than the Census Bureau had expected to find in the state in 2000 when it issued its most recent state population projections in 1996. The significance of this is that the Census Bureau has concluded that much of the shortfall in their population estimates during the 1990s was due to an underestimation of the illegal alien population.

The population of South Carolina increased by 11.7 percent between 1980 and 1990 (from 3,120,729 to 3,486,703 residents).

FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION

Based on the American Community Survey (ACS), the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the foreign-born population of South Carolina was 181,643 persons in 2006. The ACS is a large-scale, continuous sampling process designed to replace the need for a long-form in the 2010 Census. However, because the ACS does not have the same follow-up procedures as the Census to include non-respondents, it may underestimate the foreign-born population.

FAIR estimates that the foreign-born population of South Carolina was about 203,530 residents in July 2008. This meant a foreign-born population share of 4.5 percent. The amount of change since the 2000 Census indicates an average annual rate of increase in the foreign-born population of about 10,550 people, which is more than one-sixth (18.7%) of the state’s annual average population increase. Since 2000, the foreign-born population has increased by 75.5 percent compared to a 9.8 percent increase in the native-born population.

Immigration also contributes to population growth through the children born to immigrants in this country. Nationally the share of births to the foreign-born is about double their share of the population. A 9.0 percent share of the state’s current births is large enough to account for about 5,195 births a year. Combining the increase in the foreign-born population and estimated immigrant births suggests that immigration may account for nearly 15,740 persons added to the state’s population annually, i.e., more than one-fourth (27.9%) of the state’s overall population increase.

South Carolina Foreign-Born Population 1970-2008
South Carolina ranked 7th nationally in the rate of foreign-born change between 1965-2005.


The 2000 Census found that 52.4 percent of South Carolina's foreign-born population had arrived in the state since 1990. This demonstrates the effects of the current mass immigration, and it is a much higher share than the national average (43.7%).

An indicator of the change in the immigrant population may be seen in data on the share of the population that speaks a language other than English at home. Between 1990 and 2000 the share of non-English speakers at home in South Carolina increased by nearly half, from 3.5 percent to 5.1 percent. Less than half (41.9%) of those who said they spoke a language other than English at home in 2000 also said they spoke English less than very well.

Speakers of Foreign Languages
(at home in South Carolina in the 2000 Census)
Spanish 110,030
French 19,030
German 15,195
Chinese 5,005
Tagalog 4,495
Vietnamese 3,770
Korean 3,295
Italian 3,090
Japanese 2,805
Greek 2,565
(Source: Census Bureau report: Language Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over, April 2004)

The immigrant population of South Carolina increased by 8.5 percent between 1980-90 (from 46,060 to 49,964 residents). The foreign-born share of the 1990 population was 1.4 percent (1.5% in 1980).

Foreign-Born Change Since 1980: Top Ten Countries 1980-2000
Rank Country 1980     Country 1990     Country 2000
1 Germany 6,216     Germany 6,224     Mexico 31,719
2 U.K. 4,617 U.K. 5,130 Germany 7,873
3 Philip. 2,599 Philip. 3,429 U.K. 6,890
4 Canada 2,255 Canada 3,218 Canada 5,512
5 Korea 1,560 India 2,307 India 5,130
6 France 1,469 Mexico 2,147 Philip. 5,108
7 Japan 1,285 Korea 1,866 China * 4,541
8 India 1,192 Japan 1,665 Colombia 3,394
9 Greece 1,105 Vietnam 1,041 Vietnam 3,098
10 Sov.Un. 957 Greece 1,038 Korea 3,030
All Others 22,825 All Other 21,899 All Others 39,683
Total 46,080 Total 49,899 Total 115,978

* 2000 Census data for China include Hong Kong and Taiwan.

The ten countries above constituted nearly two-thirds (65.8%) of the foreign-born population in South Carolina in 2000. Persons born in Mexico alone accounted for more than one-quarter (27.3%) of the total foreign-born population. Compared to the 25,524 Mexican-born residents from the 2000 Census who said they entered the United States between 1990-2000, INS data (see below) indicate that the total number of legal Mexican immigrants who listed South Carolina as their intended residence during that period numbered about 3,300 persons.

The Census Bureau estimated from its American Community Survey that in 2002 the foreign-born population of South Carolina was about 138,500 persons. The chart below shows the regions from which those foreign residents came.

THE IMMIGRANT STOCK

The 2000 Census recorded 131,000 people in South Carolina who were "immigrant stock." That is a term that refers to immigrants and their children born here after their arrival. Based on that estimate, and a population of 4,012,012, the immigrant stock share of the state's population was 3.3 percent.

As the graph below shows, the amount and share of South Carolina's population change due to the increase in the foreign stock is rising rapidly. Over the past 34 years the new immigrants and children born to them have added about 162,500 people to the population. Over this period, the increase in the foreign stock has accounted for 10.2 percent of the state’s population increase.

South Carolina Foreign Stock


NATURALIZATION

Data from the 2006 American Community Survey indicate that 57,395 residents, or 32.6 percent, of the foreign-born population in South Carolina were citizens, compared to 42,983 residents, or 37.1 percent, in 2000.

Nationally, 40.3 percent of the foreign-born population was citizens in 2000 and 42.0 percent were citizens in 2006.

REFUGEE SETTLEMENT

South Carolina has received 1,095 refugees over the most recent ten fiscal years (FY'97-'06), with 133 arriving in FY’06.


Under the Office of Refugee Resettlement's (HHS/ORR) assistance funding for FY'02 $96,932 is available for refugee employment training and other services programs in South Carolina based on a three-year refugee settlement program covering 237 refugees (an average of $251 per refugee). This allocation does not include a larger share (55%) of funding programs for communities heavily affected by recent Cuban and Haitian entrants, communities with refugees whose cultural differences make assimilation especially difficult, communities impacted by federal welfare reform changes, educational support to schools with significant refugee students, and discretionary grants. ORR grants for FY’05 and FY’06 respectively were $373,270 and $429,113.

LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS

Data are not available nationally on immigrant students (either legally or illegally resident in the United States) who are enrolled in primary and secondary schools (K-12). However, many of these students are enrolled in Limited English Proficiency/English Language Learning (LEP/ELL) instruction programs. Many may be U.S.-born, but the majority of these students may be assumed to be either immigrants or the children of immigrants, with the exception being areas with native Americans who speak a native language other than English.


In South Carolina, overall enrollment in 2002 (648,000) was 5.9 percent below enrollment in 1993. By contrast, LEP enrollment (7,004 - 1.1% of all enrollment) was 339 percent higher than a decade earlier.

Data on enrollment in LEP/ELL programs are collected by the federal government from school systems that receive Title VII funds for these special instruction programs. The data on LEP/ELL enrollment are understated because data from private schools that do not apply for Title VII assistance are sketchy.

FOREIGN STUDENTS

The 2006/07 annual report of the Institute of International Education (IIE) lists the number of foreign students attending post-secondary school in South Carolina as 3,556. One school in South Carolina is listed as having a major concentration of these students:  University of South Carolina-Columbia had an enrollment of 1,114 foreign students, 4.1% of total enrollment. Below, a chart illustrates the sharp increase of foreign students attending school in South Carolina 1960-2000.


For information on foreign student issues see: Foreign Students in the United States.

ILLEGAL ALIENS

FAIR Estimate - FAIR estimates the state’s illegal alien population as of 2008 is as many as 75,000 persons. This is part of an overall estimate of the U.S. illegal alien population of about 13 million persons.

INS/DHS Estimate - The INS (now dissolved into the Dept. of Homeland Security) estimated in February 2003 that the resident illegal population in South Carolina was 36,000 as of January 2000. This number over 31,000 higher than the INS' 1996 estimate.

Other Estimates - The Pew Hispanic Center estimates the illegal alien population of the state at 35,000 to 75,000 as of 2005.

COST OF ILLEGAL ALIENS

Incarceration Costs

The INS estimated in February 2003 that the illegal alien population in South Carolina was about 36,000. That was almost eight times the previous INS estimate that there were about 4,800 illegal aliens residing in the state as of October 1996. The latter estimate was 17 percent higher than the estimate of the number of illegal aliens in October 1992.

South Carolina has received partial compensation under the federal State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) that was established in 1994 to compensate the states and local jurisdictions for incarceration of "undocumented," aliens who are serving time for a felony conviction or at least two misdemeanors.

The recent SCAAP amounts that South Carolina has received were:

FY’99  —  $1,029,751
FY’00  —  $873,493
FY’01  —  $889,885
FY’02  —  $963,588
FY’03  —  $298,985
FY’04  —  $432,428

The amount of SCAAP awards has been declining in both total distributions and even more as a share of the state’s expenses. In FY’99 the state received 38.6% of its costs for 189 prisoner years of detention. By FY’02, the state’s reported illegal alien detention rose by 71 percent to 324 prisoner years, while compensation fell by six percent and since has decreased rapidly.

Medical Costs

Under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, hospitals with emergency rooms are required to treat and stabilize patients with emergency medical needs regardless whether or not they are in the country legally or whether they are able to pay for the treatment. Congress in 2003 enacted an appropriation of $250 million per year (for 4 years) to help offset some of the costs due to use of this service by illegal aliens. This amount has been allocated among the states based upon estimates of the illegal alien population and data on the apprehension of illegal aliens in each state. This amount compensates only a fraction of the medical outlays. For South Carolina, the proposed payment in fiscal year 2004 is $858,489.

Educational Costs 

In our study Breaking the Piggy Bank: How Illegal Immigration is Sending Schools into the Red, we estimated based on 2004 data that educational expenditures for illegal immigration were costing the South Carolina taxpayer $143.5 million dollars annually. This cost was partially for educating students who were themselves illegally in the country ($59.8 million) and in part for the education of their siblings born in the United States to illegal residents ($83.7 million).

STATE CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION VOTING RECORD

You can view the voting record of your representatives in Congress regarding immigration issues in our voting report section.

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS

You can view a listing of local immigration reform groups here.

Back to Top

South Carolina: Immigrant Admissions


South Carolina Immigrant Admissions
by Fiscal Year
1997 2,446
1998 2,125
1999 1,773
2000 2,267
2001 2,882
2002 2,966
2003 1,942
2004 2,496
2005 5,029
2006 5,292
Total 29,218

Recent immigrant admissions have increased by about 432 percent since adoption of the current immigration system in 1965. During the 1965-'69 period, annual admissions averaged about 665 immigrants. During the 2002-'06 period, admissions averaged about 3,545 immigrants.

The charts below show recent immigrant admissions and the cumulative INS immigrant admissions data since 1965. The number of annual admissions has ranged from 557 in FY'65 to 5,292 in FY'06. The cumulative total of admissions to South Carolina between fiscal years 1965 and 2006 was 75,820 immigrants.



The data for fiscal years 1989-91 were artificially raised by the inclusion of former illegal aliens who were amnestied in 1986. According to INS data (1991) the number of amnesty applicants from South Carolina was 3,335 (850 pre-1982 residents and 2,485 agricultural workers).

The data for FY'95, and FY'97-'99 were artificially low because the INS did not issue green cards to all the eligible applicants for adjustment of status who were already in the United States. In those four years, new immigration could have registered as much as 30 percent higher, if the INS had kept up with its workload.

Beginning with FY'01, the INS began to increase admissions as a result of reducing the size of the backlog of Section 245(i) adjustment of status cases, i.e., amnesty, for illegal aliens.

INS DATA BY NATIONALITY: FY'93 - FY'02

The INS data below are furnished for nationals of the countries with the largest number of immigrants admitted or adjusted to legal residence each year since 1993. The absence of data means that the total number of admissions to the United States by nationals of that country was not enough to merit detailed reporting in that year.

The nationalities may change each year, so the totals in some cases will not reflect all the immigrants of that nationality who have become legal immigrants in South Carolina during this period.

Immigrant Admissions by Fiscal Year
Country FY'93 FY'94 FY'95 FY'96 FY'97 FY'98 FY'99 FY'00 FY'01 FY'02 Total
Bangladesh - - - 5 3 29 8 9 4 3 5768
Canada 140 144 147 124 114 110 92 122 239 179 1,411
China * 345 266 180 163 171 138 135 200 198 226 2,022
Colombia 33 32 34 54 93 111 56 72 88 104 677
Cuba 1 2 2 0 12 4 1 8 1 14 45
Dom. Rep. 16 4 6 2 10 2 2 4 18 5 69
Ecuador 3 - 8 4 1 5 9 8 11 8 57
El Salvador 7 3 7 8 2 11 8 9 24 13 92
Germany 75 82 88 - 83 71 65 91 105 75 735
Guatemala 8 10 16 12 15 22 25 24 33 52 217
Guyana 10 9 5 10 14 18 6 8 - 11 91
Haiti 10 5 5 3 5 6 5 7 5 10 61
Honduras 7 - - - 24 22 7 12 - 17 89
India 198 173 194 222 227 182 166 201 288 310 2,161
Iran 30 18 16 29 29 21 15 29 29 23 239
Ireland 36 47 - - 6 6 2 5 - 6 108
Jamaica 11 13 18 21 15 11 6 11 24 19 149
Japan - 33 - - 28 23 29 21 47 40 221
Korea 53 39 49 42 41 51 23 38 41 59 436
Mexico 66 61 122 148 237 259 176 191 231 288 1,779
Nicaragua - - - - 1 4 4 15 29 15 68
Nigeria - - 16 28 25 29 23 31 - 40 192
Pakistan 21 22 21 45 24 57 36 43 36 32 337
Peru 23 8 9 9 22 7 7 7 8 25 125
Philippines 186 149 169 166 147 96 96 165 178 157 1,509
Poland 23 73 26 18 11 12 7 13 14 19 216
Sov. Un. * 70 51 64 58 128 121 118 151 194 299 1,254
Trin.& Tob. - 18 - - 8 13 10 14 - 35 98
U. Kingdom 178 168 147 92 140 82 57 97 128 128 1,217
Vietnam 136 171 162 121 179 63 60 72 85 116 1,165
Yugo. * - - 12 16 17 12 5 9 16 37 124
Other 509 509 642 751 614 527 514 580 812 601 6,059
Total 2,195 2,110 2,165 2,151 2,446 2,125 1,773 2,267 2,882 2,966 23,080

A dash (-) indicates that the data for that year were not published for that country in the INS Statistical Yearbook.
* China data include Hong Kong and Taiwan. Former USSR data continued since break-up (except FY'96-'97 includes only Russia and Ukraine). Former Yugoslavia data continued since break-up.

The 31 nationalities above represent nearly three-quarters (73.7%) of all immigrant settlement and adjustment in South Carolina during this ten-year period. The largest sources of the new immigrants (India, China, Mexico, Canada, and the Philippines) together accounted for nearly two-fifths (38.5%) of the ten-year total.

Back to Top

South Carolina : Poll Data


A Rasmussen Report poll conducted of 724 likely Republican voters in South Carolina on December 16, 2007 found:

  • 24% (a plurality) rank immigration as the most important issue in determining their vote in the presidential election.

A Rasmussen Report poll conducted 702 Likely Republican Voters in South Carolina on November 20, 2007 found:

  • 90% oppose granting drivers’ licenses to illegal aliens.
  • 87% say that when police officers pull someone over for a traffic violation, they should routinely check to see if that person is in the country legally.
  • 75% believe that if an illegal immigrant is discovered in this manner, they should be deported.

A Rasmussen Report poll conducted 404 Likely Democratic Voters in South Carolina on November 20, 2007 found:

  • 70% oppose granting drivers’ licenses to illegal aliens.
  • 66% say that when police officers pull someone over for a traffic violation, they should routinely check to see if that person is in the country legally.
  • 55% believe that if an illegal immigrant is discovered in this manner, they should be deported.

Back to Top

South Carolina: Immigration Impact


Population Profile

Immigration-driven population growth is taking its toll on South Carolina. In the last ten years, over half a million new residents settled in South Carolina. Thirteen percent of these new residents were immigrants. This large-scale population growth is bringing traffic, pollution, overcrowded schools, and lack of affordable housing to the state, decreasing quality of life and straining natural resources. Some towns like Dorchester County, are considering charging developers impact fees, to help pay for the increased costs of public services, such as fire protection and recreation.1

ENVIRONMENTAL AND QUALITY OF LIFE PROFILE

Disappearing open space: The amount of developed land in South Carolina increased by 1,313,400 acres from 1982 to 2007, growing at a pace of 55,510 acres per year over the last ten years of that period.2

In 2002, urban and built-up land represented almost one-fifth of the state, and prime farmland is disappearing steadily. Maps that project 30-year growth patterns show a tripling in size of the urban Charleston area, spreading into the farms and forests of upper Berkeley and Dorchester counties and along the coast. Preservationists say this means that the state would lose more than half its rural historic sites, 15 Civil War sites, nearly 1,000 archaeological sites, and 25 miles of scenic roads.3 The projected development by 2030 puts 57 percent of cultivated land and 100,000 acres of freshwater wetlands and tidal creeks at risk.4 The Southern Forest Resource Assessment, a two-year study examining the future of southeastern forests, says that urban sprawl and population growth are the biggest threats to South Carolina's woodlands.5

Sprawl: Researchers say that, unless area leaders implement strong growth-control measures, the Charleston metropolitan area will expand by about 230,000 acres during the next 15 years, more than twice the size of Charleston's existing urban area.6

In the Colombia area, sprawl consumed 95.6 square miles and population increase accounted for 46.5 percent of the increase, and in the Greenville area 77.2 square miles of urban sprawl was 62.1 percent attributable to population growth.7

Traffic: South Carolina highways saw a 41 percent increase in traffic between 1990 and 2008.8 As population growth put more traffic on the roads, the average commute for South Carolina residents increased 19 percent during the 1990s, to 24 minutes in 2000 (versus a national rate of increase of 14 percent).9

The typical Charleston-North Charleston commuter lost 38 hours and 23 gallons of fuel due to congestion in 2007. Columbia commuters spent 22 extra hours and burned 14 additional gallons of fuel in the process. In total, commuters in these two cities lost time and fuel valued at $328 million.  About 12 percent of South Carolina commuters had a commute of 45 minutes or longer in 2008.10

Road maintenance has been unable to keep up with increased traffic flows. Over one-fourth (27%) of South Carolina’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition, and 22 percent of its bridges are considered structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. Drivers bear the cost of overdue road maintenance. The typical South Carolina driver pays $255 in additional repair and operating costs due to road conditions each year, which adds up to about $811 million statewide.11

School Overcrowding: Between 1990 and 2009, public school enrollment in South Carolina increased by an estimated 83,888 students, or 13.5 percent.12 Enrollment is projected to rise by an additional 38,000 students between 2009 and 2018.13

Fort Mill, the fastest-growing school district in the state, opened three new elementary schools and had additional projects underway, but all of these expanded district facilities may not meet needs as early as 2005.14 Charleston and York counties are proposing tax increases to keep up with enrollment growth.15

Mt. Pleasant is expecting a severe school overcrowding crisis. Already, five of its ten schools are over capacity, and 20 percent of all students in one school learn in trailers. Residents are pressuring local lawmakers to charge development impact fees to pay for building and expanding schools as the result of the added population.16 The town council rejected a housing development because it would add more students to already packed schools.17

Air Quality: More than half of South Carolina counties that were rated in the American Lung Association’s 2010 assessment were graded "F" for risk of exposure to high ozone levels.18

Solid Waste: South Carolina generates 1.45 tons of solid waste per capita each year.19 If this number does not change, population growth projected between 2008 and 2050 will add over 6.3 million tons of solid waste to the state’s annual output.

Poverty: South Carolina’s immigrants are more likely to be poor than their native-born counterparts. In 2007, 31.3 percent of foreign-born households lived below 150 percent of the poverty line, compared to 24.8 percent of native households. Native households were slightly more likely to have incomes below 100 percent of poverty.20 33.5 percent of children in immigrant families were poor in 2006, compared to 20.6 percent of native children.21

Crowded Housing: An estimated 30,472 of South Carolina’s housing units were classified as crowded in 2008, defined as units with more than one occupant per room. This amounted to 1.8 percent of the state’s housing units. In addition, 8,776 were severely crowded, with at least 1.5 occupants per room.22 Nationwide, children in immigrant families were three times as likely to live in crowded conditions as children in native families (27 percent to 9 percent). In the state, 16 percent of children in immigrant families live in crowded housing, compared to just 8 percent of children with native-born parents.23

Water: Booming development, exacerbated by frequent drought, poses a bleak situation for the future of water in South Carolina. If current growth trends continue, by 2050 South Carolina’s population will have topped 6.6 million, more than a 53 percent increase from its 2006 population.24 South Carolina’s current per-capita water usage is 141 gallons per day.25 This means that by 2050, public use of water may have increased by up to 321 million gallons per day.

On June 30, 2008, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (DNR) reported that five counties were in extreme drought, fourteen were considered in severe drought and 21 were of moderate drought status. Thirteen of 17 monitored streams are in extreme drought conditions according to the South Carolina DNR. The drought also plagues many state lakes, evident by their delining levels. The Santee Lake is over one foot lower than this time last year, meanwhile a group of lakes known as the Savannah lakes are more than 10 feet below the ideal level for this time of year and continuing to decline. Although water restrictions have not yet been mandated, officials are pleading for greater individual conservation efforts.26

Officials are projecting water wars in South Carolina. South Carolina lawmakers are currently working on legislation that would require permits to draw water from state resources, effectively limiting large water consumers such as electric plants. These measures are rousing various individuals and groups who fear that their water consumption may be hindered.27

Last year, South Carolina sued North Carolina over North Carolina’s plans to pump as 36 million gallons per day from the Catawba River, a river that supplies both states. South Carolina fears that if North Carolina diverts this much water from the river, not enough will be left for them. The court case is currently before the Supreme Court. Growing populations have clearly intensified the need to find increasingly valuable water from an ever shrinking pool.

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION

The state attracts illegal aliens largely because of its agricultural production, but large illegal populations can be found in other industries as well. Paul Groeschel, co-director of the Hispanic Office of Legal Assistance on Hilton Head Island, estimates that anywhere from half to three-fourths of the 4,000 to 5,000 Hispanics on Hilton Head are illegal.28

Hospitals throughout the state say they have been left with at least $4 million in unpaid bills after delivering babies for illegal immigrants who disappear before filing Medicaid paperwork. Hospitals in Spartanburg, Greenville, Charleston, and Horry counties are the most affected. Under federal law, hospitals cannot refuse service to anyone, regardless of their citizenship status.29

Endnotes:

  1. Arlie Porter, "Competing Interests Complicate Task of Managing Growth, "Post and Courier, March 24,2002.
  2. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, "Summary Report: 2007 National Resources Inventory."
  3. "Urban Sprawl Threatens Rural Historic Sites,"Associated Press, June 16,2002.
  4. Lynne Langley, "Groups Discuss Growth in S.C.," Post and Courier, January 5,2001.
  5. "Sprawl, Growing Population Affects South Carolina's Forests,"Associated Press, November 27,2001.
  6. Tony Bartelme, "Charleston Sprawl Mirrors Atlanta, Experts Say,"Post and Courier, February 18,2001.
  7. Beck, Roy and Leon Kolankiewicz, "Weighing Sprawl Factors in Large U.S. Cities," NumbersUSA, March 2001.
  8. The Road Information Project (TRIP), "Key Facts about South Carolina’s Surface Transportation System and Federal Funding," May 2010.
  9. "Table DP-1-4, Profile of General Demographic Characteristics:2000," Census 2000,,U.S. Census Bureau. "Table DP-1-4, Profile of General Demographic Characteristics:1990," 1990 Census, U.S. Census Bureau.
  10. American Community Survey, 2008 Estimates, Custom Data Table.
  11. The Road Information Project (TRIP), "Key Facts about South Carolina’s Surface Transportation System and Federal Funding," May 2010.
  12. "Table 34. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2009," Digest of Education Statistics, Department of Education.
  13. "Table 4. Actual and projected numbers for enrollment in grades PK12 in public elementary and secondary schools, by region and state: Fall 2000 through fall 2018," National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education.
  14. Erica Pippins," Growth Threatens to Meet Schools' Capacity by 2005,"The Herald, October 18,2001.
  15. Erica Pippins, "Districts Expect 1,000 New Students," The Herald, June 6, 2002.
  16. David Quick,"Mt. Pleasant Faces Crisis of Overcrowding," Post and Courier, January 10,2002.
  17. "Town Rejects Housing Project Because of Crowded Schools," Associated Press, November 15,2001.
  18. American Lung Association, "State of the Air 2010."
  19. Report Card for America's Infrastructure 2005," American Society of Civil Engineers.
  20. Migration Information Source State Data (Migration Policy Institute)
  21. Urban Institute, Children of Immigrants Data Tool.
  22. American Community Survey, Three-Year Estimates 2006-2008. Data retrieved using ACS Custom Table tool.
  23. Kids Count Data Center, Kids Count Data Center, 2008 American Community Survey Data.
  24. U.S. Census Bureau 2006.
  25. U.S. Geological Survey 2000.
  26. HomeTownTimes.com "Oconee, Pickens Counties Upgraded to Extreme Drought," July, 1, 2008.
  27. "U.S. Water News," "Water Wars — S.C. lawmakers debate water permits," February, 2008.
  28. Hospitals Say Illegal Immigrants Often Leave With Unpaid Bills," Associated Press, August 12,2001.
  29. "Condon Calls for State, Local Authority to Arrest Illegal Immigrants," The Herald, October 3,2001.

Back to Top

Back to Top