Indiana
| Summary Demographic State Data (and Source) | |
|---|---|
| Population (2009 CB est.): | 6,423,113 |
| Population (2000 Census): | 6,080,485 |
| Foreign-Born Population (2009 CB est.): | 281,321 |
| Foreign-Born Population (2000 Census): | 186,534 |
| Share Foreign-Born (2009): | 4.4% |
| Share Foreign-Born (2000): | 3.1% |
| Naturalized U.S. Citizens (2009 CB est.): | 99,189 |
| Share Naturalized (2009): | 35.3% |
| Legal Immigrant Admission (DHS 2000-2009): | 66,969 |
| Refugee Admission (HHS 2000-2009): | 7,312 |
| Illegal Alien Population (2010 FAIR est.): | 120,000 |
| Costs of Illegal Aliens (2010 FAIR) | $608,500,000 |
| Projected 2050 Population (2006 FAIR) | 7,650,000 |
Indiana : Extended Immigration Data
STATE POPULATION
Based on the American Community Survey (ACS), the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that in July 2009 Indiana’s population had increased to 6,423,113 residents, i.e., an annual average increase of about 36,840 residents since 2000. That is a rate of increase of about 0.6 percent per year compared to the national rate of annual change of 1.0 percent.
The 2000 Census found 6,080,485 persons resident in Indiana. This was an increase of 988,691 persons (9.7%) above the 1990 Census. That indicated an annual average rate of population increase of 0.9 percent while the national annual average change was 1.2 percent.
The 2000 population was about 35,000 more persons than the Census Bureau had expected to find in the state in 2000 when it issued its state population projections in 1996. The significance of this was that the Census Bureau has concluded that much of the shortfall in their population estimates during the 1990s was due to an underestimation of the illegal alien population.
The 1980 Census recorded 5,490,214 residents in Indiana. By 1990, the population had increased to 5,544,159 residents. That was an annual average change of 1.0 percent, which was the same as the national annual average change.
FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION
Based on the ACS, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the foreign-born population of Indiana was 281,321 persons in 2009. This meant a foreign-born population share of 4.4 percent. The amount of change since the 2000 Census indicates an average annual rate of increase in the foreign-born population of about 10,195 people, which is more than one-fourth (27.7%) of the state’s annual average population increase. Since 2000, the foreign-born population has increased by 50.8 percent compared to a 4.2 percent increase in the native-born population. The state’s annual rate of increase was 4.7 percent compared to the national rate of 2.4 percent.
Immigration also contributes to population growth through the children born to immigrants in this country. Nationally the share of births to the foreign-born is about double their share of the population. An 8.8 percent share of the state’s current births is large enough to account for about 7,630 births a year. Combining the increase in the foreign-born population and estimated immigrant births suggests that immigration may account for nearly 17,825 persons added to the state’s population annually, i.e., nearly half (48.4%) of the state’s overall population increase.
NET INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION (NIM)
Based on the Current Population Survey, the Census Bureau estimated that between the 2000 Census and July 2008 the state’s population increased by about 71,000 residents from net international migration (more foreign-born arriving than leaving). That was an annual average increase of about 8,555 residents, i.e., nearly one-fourth (24%) of the total increase (not including the children born to the immigrants after their arrival in the United States).
Based on the Current Population Survey, the Census Bureau estimated that between the 2000 Census and July 2009 the state’s population increased by about 93,365 residents from net international migration (more foreign-born arriving than leaving). That was an annual average increase of about 10,040 residents, i.e., nearly one-fourth (24.3%) of the total increase (not including the children born to the immigrants after their arrival in the United States).
FOREIGN-BORN CHANGE
The amount of change in the ACS data in the foreign-born population since the 2000 Census indicates an average annual rate of increase in the foreign-born population of about 10,195 people, which is more than one-fourth (27.7%) of the state’s annual average population increase. Since 2000, the foreign-born population has increased by 50.8 percent compared to a 4.2 percent increase in the native-born population.
The 2000 Census found that more than half (52.2%) of Indiana’s foreign-born population had arrived in the state since 1990. That was higher than the national rate of 42.5 percent. The 2009 ACS estimate was that 18.9 percent of the foreign-born population had entered since 2000, i.e., lower than the national rate of 20.9 percent.
During the 1990s the state’s foreign-born population increased by about 92,270 persons from about 94,265 persons. That was an increase of 97.9 percent compared to a 8.1 percent increase in the native-born population. The increase accounted for 17.2 percent of the state’s total population increase.
FOREIGN-BORN CHARACTERISTICS
An indicator of the change in Indiana’s immigrant population may be seen in data on the share of the population over five years of age that speaks a language other than English at home. Between 1990 and 2000, the share of non-English speakers increased from 6.4 percent to 7.6 percent. Nearly two-fifths (39.6%) of those persons in 2000 also said they spoke English less than very well. In the 2009 ACS, the share had increased to 16.4 percent and of those 40.8 percent spoke English less than very well. In 2009, Spanish speakers were 55.2 percent of those who spoke other than English at home, and 64.5 percent of those who spoke English less than very well.
| Speakers of Foreign Languages (at home in Indiana in the 2000 Census) |
|
| Spanish | 185,555 |
| German | 44,130 |
| French | 17,930 |
| Chinese | 8,085 |
| Pennsylvania Dutch | 7,875 |
| Polish | 7,830 |
| Dutch | 7,670 |
| Japanese | 5,340 |
| Arabic | 5,340 |
| Korean | 5,030 |
| (Source: Census Bureau report: Language Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over, April 2004) | |
The chart above shows the foreign-born population increasing by 50.8 percent since 2000 and the share of that population from Latin America and the Caribbean increasing by 73.8 percent. That region’s share of the state’s immigrant population grew from 41.5 percent to 47.8 percent in 2009.
NATURALIZATION
Data from the 2009 ACS indicate that 99,189 residents, or 35.3 percent, of the foreign-born population in Indiana were U.S. citizens, compared to 70,983 residents, or 38.1 percent, in 2000.
Nationally, 40.3 percent of the foreign-born population were U.S. citizens in 2000, and 43.7 percent in 2009.
LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS
In Indiana overall enrollment in 2008 (1,046,776) was 5.9 percent above enrollment in 1999. LEP enrollment was 255 percent higher than a decade earlier. The share of LEP enrollment rose from 1.3 percent to 4.4 percent.
Refugees
Indiana received 7,312 refugees over the most recent ten fiscal years (FY'00-'09).
FOREIGN STUDENTS
The 2009/2010 annual report of the Institute of International Education (IIE) lists the number of foreign students attending post-secondary school in Indiana as 18,569. Five schools in Indiana are listed as having a major concentration of these students:
- Purdue U.-W. Lafayette – 6,903.
- Purdue U.-Bloomington – 4,819
- Purdue U.-Indianapolis – 1,140
- U. Notre Dame – 830
- Ball State U. – 604
Those schools represented nearly four-fifths (78.6%) of the total foreign students in the state.
For information on foreign student issues see: Foreign Students in the United States
ILLEGAL ALIENS
FAIR Estimate - FAIR estimated the state’s illegal alien population as of 2010 was as many as 120,000 persons. This is part of an overall estimate of the U.S. illegal alien population of about 12 million persons.
INS/DHS Estimate - The INS (now dissolved into the Dept. of Homeland Security) estimated that the resident illegal population in Virginia was 45,000 as of 2000. This was 31,000 higher than the INS' 1996 estimate.
Other Estimates - The Pew Hispanic Center estimated the illegal alien population of the state at 120,000 as of 2010.
COSTS OF ILLEGAL ALIENS
FAIR’s 2010 fiscal cost study, “The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on United States Taxpayers” estimated the following cost outlays and tax receipts:
| Indiana Fiscal Costs In 2009 | ||
| Due to Illegal Aliens ($M) | (Pct.) | |
| K-12 educ. | $310.5 | 51.0% |
| LEP educ. | $62.4 | 10.3% |
| Medicaid | $56.4 | 9.3% |
| SCHIP | $15.2 | 2.5% |
| Justice | $37.6 | 6.2% |
| Welfare+ | $45.3 | 7.4% |
| General | $81.1 | 13.3% |
| Total | $608.5 | |
| Tax Receipts | $38.1 | |
| Net Cost | $570.4 | |
Source: “The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on United States Taxpayers,” FAIR 2010.
POPULATION PROJECTION
We projected Indiana’s population in 2050 likely would be between 7.65 million and 7.53 million depending on what happens with immigration policy. See “Projecting the U.S. Population to 2050: Four Immigration Scenarios,” FAIR 2006.
Indiana : Immigrant Admissions
| Indiana Immigrant Admissions by Fiscal Year |
|
| 2000 | 4,128 |
| 2001 | 6,010 |
| 2002 | 6,853 |
| 2003 | 5,255 |
| 2004 | 5,929 |
| 2005 | 6,915 |
| 2006 | 8,125 |
| 2007 | 6,639 |
| 2008 | 8,028 |
| 2009 | 9,087 |
| Total | 66,969 |
Recent immigrant admissions are about 300 percent of admissions just after adoption of the current immigration system in 1965. During the 1965-'69 period, annual admissions averaged about 2,590 immigrants. During the most recent five years, admissions averaged about 7,760 persons.
The charts below show recent immigrant admissions and the cumulative immigrant admissions data since 1965. The number of annual admissions has ranged from 2,095 in FY'65 to 9,087 in FY’09. The cumulative total of admissions to Indiana between fiscal years 1965 and 2009 was about 162,620 immigrants.
INS DATA BY NATIONALITY: FY'96 - FY'05
The table below furnishes INS data on the immigrants who have been admitted for residence in Indiana since 1996 by nationality.
The INS data are for nationals of the countries with the largest number of immigrants admitted or adjusted to legal residence each year since 1996. The absence of data means that the total number of admissions to the United States by nationals of that country was not enough to merit detailed reporting in that year.
The nationalities may change each year, so the totals in some cases will not reflect all the immigrants of that nationality who have become legal immigrants in Louisiana during this period.
The Department of Homeland Security website is has detailed data on immigrant admissions since FY’03 by year and by country. That resource has data for all source countries. (See http://www.dhs.gov/ximgtn/statistics/data/dslpr.shtm).
A dash (-) indicates that the data for that year was not published for that country in the Immigration Statistical Yearbook.* China includes Hong Kong and Taiwan. The Soviet Union includes Russia and former parts of the USSR. Yugoslavia includes Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro-Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia.
The 31 nationalities above represent more than three-quarters (76.8%) of all immigrant settlement and adjustment in Indiana during this ten-year period. Immigrants from Mexico, China and India accounted for more than one-third (35%) of all immigrant admissions since 1996. Mexico alone accounted for more than one-eighth (18.7%) of the total.
Indiana : Poll Data
Rasmussen Poll: Arizona Law SB 1070
July 2010
Suppose the new Arizona immigration law was being considered for your state. Would you favor or oppose passage of that law in your state?
The U.S. Justice Department has decided to challenge the legality of Arizona’s new immigration law in federal court. Do you agree or disagree with the decision to challenge the legality of Arizona’s new immigration law?
Indiana : Immigration Impact
Environmental and Quality of Life Profile
Water: By 2050 the state's population is projected to rise to 7.7 million.1 Indiana has a daily, per-capita water demand of 110.6 gallons.2 The projected population implies that, at this rate of use, by 2050 public water usage will have increased by 154.8 million gallons each day.
Traffic: Indiana highways saw their traffic increase by 28 percent between 1990 and 2008. In 2010, The Road Information Project (TRIP) reported that 21 percent of the state’s urban highways are congested.3 As population growth put more traffic on the roads, the average commute for Indiana residents increased 11 percent during the 1990s, from 20 minutes to 23 minutes in 2000.4
Commuters in Indianapolis spent about 39 extra hours per year on the road due to congestion in 2007, burning 27 gallons of fuel. The cost of these two factors from Indianapolis traffic alone was $522 million. Indiana residents also felt the effect of Chicago traffic congestion, where the typical commuter lost 41 hours and burned 28 extra gallons of fuel because of congestion.5 About 11 percent of Indiana commuters had a commute of 45 minutes or longer in 2008.6
Increased traffic places more pressure on a road system already in need of repairs. Nearly three in ten (29%) of the state’s roads are in poor or mediocre condition, and 22 percent of its bridges are classified as structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. Road conditions in Indiana cost the typical driver $225 per year in extra maintenance and operational costs, a total of $1.2 billion per year.7
Disappearing Open Space: The amount of developed land in Indiana increased by 667,700 acres from 1982 to 2007, growing at a pace of 25,930 acres per year over the last ten years of that period.8
Crowded Housing: An estimated 38,076 of Indiana’s housing units were classified as crowded in 2008, defined as units with more than one occupant per room. This amounted to 1.5 percent of the state’s housing units. In addition, 7,303 units were severely crowded, with at least 1.5 occupants per room.9 Nationally, crowded housing rates are driven upward by immigration, where 27 percent of children in immigrant families live in crowded housing compared to 9 percent of children with native-born parents. In Indiana, the shares are 19 percent of children in immigrant families are in crowded housing compared to 7 percent of those in native-headed households.10
Sprawl: A study of urban sprawl between 1970 and 1990 that calculated the impact of population increase and per capita land use found that 307 square miles of additional land were consumed by urban sprawl in the Chicago-IL-NW Indiana metropolitan area, and 5.3 percent of that sprawl was attributable to population increase. In the Indianapolis area sprawl consumed an additional 87.7 square miles and population increase accounted for 52.7 percent of the increase.11
Other state's sprawl is spilling over into Indiana. As people try to escape from the population congestion in Chicago, Cincinnati, and Louisville, they're flooding into Indiana, where they can still commute to their jobs in the states they left. From 1997 to 2000, most Indiana counties bordering urban areas in neighboring states saw a 30 percent or more increase in the number of residents commuting to workplaces across state lines.12
Air pollution: As population increases, pollution usually rises along with it. Indiana released more cancer-causing pollutants into the air and water in 2000 than all but two other states.13
Over 85 percent of Indiana counties assessed by the American Lung Association in 2010 received an "F" for high ozone days.14
Poverty: Indiana’s immigrants are more likely to be poor than their native-born counterparts. In 2007, 17.1 percent of foreign-born households were below the poverty line, compared to 12.1 percent of native households. An additional 13.7 percent of the foreign-born and 7.9 percent of native households were not in poverty but had incomes less than 1.5 times the poverty level.15 26.4 percent of children in immigrant families were poor in 2006, compared to 15.5 percent of native children.16
Solid Waste: Indiana generates 1.55 tons of solid waste per capita each year.17
Education: Between 2000 and 2006 Indiana's K-12 student enrollment increased by over 46,000 students (4.7 percent).18 Indiana's student teacher ratio of 16.8 ranks 40th in the U.S.19
With increasing enrollment, many districts have been forced to build more facilities, expand existing schools, and add portable classrooms.20
Endnotes:
- Jack Martin and Stanley Fogel. "Projecting the U.S. Population to 2050." FAIR. March 2006
- "Growing Region Stretching Water Resources," Munster Times, April 29, 2001.
- The Road Information Project (TRIP), "Key Facts about Illinois’ Surface Transportation System and Federal Funding," May 2010.
- "Table DP-1-4, Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000," Census 2000, U.S. Census Bureau. "Table DP-1-4, Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 1990," 1990 Census, U.S. Census Bureau.
- Texas Transportation Institute, "Urban Mobility Report 2009."
- American Community Survey, 2008 Estimates, Custom Data Table.
- The Road Information Project (TRIP), "Key Facts about Illinois’ Surface Transportation System and Federal Funding," May 2010.
- USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, "Summary Report: 2007 National Resources Inventory."
- American Community Survey, Three-Year Estimates 2006-2008. Data retrieved using ACS Custom Table tool.
- Kids Count Data Center, which used 2008 American Community Survey Data.
- Beck, Roy and Leon Kolankiewicz, "Weighing Sprawl Factors in Large U.S. Cities," NumbersUSA, March 2001.
- "Out of State Workers Making Indiana Home," Associated Press, July 5, 2002.
- "Group Ranks Indiana Among Top 10 Polluting States," Associated Press, January 23, 2003.
- American Lung Association, "State of the Air 2010."
- Migration Information Source State Data (Migration Policy Institute)
- Urban Institute, Children of Immigrants Data Tool.
- Report Card for America's Infrastructure 2005," American Society of Civil Engineers.
- "Overview of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools and Districts: School Year 1999-2000," National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. "Public Elementary and Secondary School Student Enrollment, High School Completions, and Staff From the Common Core of Data: School Year 2005-06', National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, June 2007
- National Education Association, "Rankings and Estimates," 2010.
- Alisa Mabry, "Enrollment Up at Schools," Indianapolis Star, October 13, 2001.
Other Resources
State Local Reform Organizations
State Representatives Voting Record
Updated December 2011